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Prepositions for MP students: ABTA Test Papers and............

• Poisoning by arsenic is a slow process; it is due to a gradual build up of poison in the human body. ( Page no-166 )
• The old man rose with a great effort and took the bowl in his shaking hands and went to the other basket. (Page no-182)
• " The best way to combat illegal trading in animals is to keep a strong vigil and to form a joint action committee of officials of Forest Department and police'', said wild life experts. (Page 1970
• On the occasion of Rabindra Jayanti an inter-school recitation competition was organised by our school. (Page no-213 )
• When we walk along the beach we come by seashells lying on the sand where they have been washed out by waves. ( Page no-228 )
• Vivekananda wanted the youth to ridicule , oppose and then accept the fact , instead of blindly believing it. ( Page no-244 )
• I flew out of Heathroe airport under stormy skies. A group of young British men dressed  in ill-fitting Hazers filled the back of the plane, and one of them took the seat beside me . He read out the emergency instructions twice with great concentration. ( Page no-259 )

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                                               The use of Present Perfect Tense

We use present perfect tense when we want to say or assert that some actions have been completed.

• I have read the new book. ( I have finished the reading.)
• Ranjit Guha has created a new FB group. ( It has already been done. )

or to negate something: I have not taken your pen.
or to ask if something has been done: Have you seen Madhumita?

We also use Present Perfect Tense when we want to look back from the present to the past.

• I have broken my watch so I don't know what time . ( The watch was broken sometime ago in the near past. The effect is still there. I do not possess a watch now so I cant tell you the time.)
• They have cancelled the meeting. ( The action was done earlier. )
• Mamoni has taken my copy. I don't have one. ( Mamoni took it sometime ago.)

When we look back we often use the words 'just' or 'already' or 'yet'

• Apratim has already decided to leave the present company. 
• Debnath has't arrived yet. ( Negative )
• I have just done it. ( Not so long ago )
• They have already met. ( So they need no introduction. )
• Have you spoken to him yet? ( There is a doubt. )

This tense can also be used to look back on more distant past.

• We have been to Delhi many times in the past.
• Ranjit has done this type of job many times before.
• We have talked about it in the past also.

We use 'ever' and 'never'

• Have you ever been to Pelling.?
• I have never visited Sikkim in my life.
• I have never considered buying a car.

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